State Sen. Ralph Alvarado, Bevin’s running mate and a physician, agrees with him that state shouldn’t require kids to be vaccinated

Alvarado said, “I think it’s a very fine balance. I don’t think we should force anybody to do something they don’t want to do to their own bodies. We are seeing outbreaks, you’re seeing measles outbreaks and other things that are happening and a lot of people forget that a lot of these diseases can be fatal.”

Asked about “all the kids who are dying from vaccines,” Alvarado said, “Again, we could debate a lot of that. That’s been studied . . . but to your question, you should have the right to say no if you don’t want that for your kids.” Desrochers notes that the World Health Organization says “so few deaths can plausibly be attributed to vaccines that it is hard to assess the risk statistically.”

Bevin said in a radio interview in March that he had exposed his children to chicken pox to immunize them. “If you are worried about your child getting chickenpox or whatever else, vaccinate your child,” he said. “But for some people, and for some parents, for some reason they choose otherwise,” he said. “This is America. The federal government should not be forcing this upon people.”

The federal government does not force states to require vaccinations, only recommends that they do. The National Conference of State Legislatures says all 50 states have laws requiring specific vaccines for students; 47 grant religious exemptions and 18 allow philosophical exemptions.

Kentucky only allows medical and religious exemptions. In 2017 the Bevin administration made it easier for parents to invoke the religious exemption. They can now download a form, have it notarized and submit it to their school upon enrollment, instead of having to get a signed form from a health-care provider. Spectrum News reported that the number of Kentucky parents claiming the religious exemption increased 59 percent in the 2017-18 school year.

A Cabinet for Health and Family Services representative told legislators in 2017 that the changes had been in the works for several years, in response to complaints that a medical entity should not have authority over a religious exemption; that a co-payment was often required to get a provider’s signature; and that parents and guardians were having trouble finding providers to sign the forms.

Assertions that governments shouldn’t require vaccinations don’t take into account the principle of “herd immunity,” which occurs when enough people have been immunized against a disease to protect others who are not immunized. Some are not immunized because their immune systems are too weak to allow them to be vaccinated, or because they are too young to be vaccinated.

People with weakened immune systems include those with cancer, especially if they are being treated with an aggressive chemotherapy, people who have had bone-marrow transplants, people who have had an organ transplant, people with auto-immune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis or Lupus, or people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS.

“Those people are absolutely reliant upon herd immunity because we can’t immunize them,” Dr. Sean McTigue, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Kentucky, told Kentucky Health News in March. “The only way that we have to protect them is to ensure that everybody around them is immunized so that the chances of them actually coming into contact with somebody who has one of these very infectious viruses or bacteria is very, very low.”

McTigue said herd immunity is vitally important to protect babies, because they can’t be vaccinated for measles, mumps and rubella or chickenpox until they are a year old because these vaccines are made with very weak, but live viruses.